What is Narcissistic Abuse?

Narcissistic Abuse follows the same patterns as any abusive cycle, specifically involving a perpetrator (Narcissist) and a recipient(the abused; The Empath). According to modern psychology, a person is considered a Narcissist if/when they meet specific criteria (found here), and once truly diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder, it is considered a nearly irreversible condition.

A Narcissist will constantly attempt to control others by using a combination of harmful tactics: coercive control, emotional or psychological manipulation, and high-level gaslighting are a few methods by which The Narcissist aims to dimmish and belittle their target.

The strategies within this cycle are nuanced, calculated, and long term. Over enough time, this increases the likelihood that the abused will experience long term, negative side effects such as sleep disorders, C-PTSD, and anxiety/depression.

You Are Not Alone

There are many ways in which someone may be affected by the NAC; while the experience may be overwhelming, you are not alone and support is available. When you need help, we are here for you.

What is a Narcissist?

The American Psychological Association (APA) defines Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) as a complex psychological condition (recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR)) in which the individual displays pervasive patterns of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a total lack of empathy. Individuals with NPD may exhibit a sense of superiority, entitlement, and a tendency to exploit others for personal gain.

It is important to remember that a Narcissist is NOT (to their severe chagrin) as powerful or superior as they would have you believe. A true Narcissist feels threatened when encountering someone who displays high levels of intuition, compassion, patience, and the ability to love unconditionally. Through insidious methods of manipulation over time, a Narcissist aims to make You rife with self-doubt, confusion, and a lack of confidence.

By convincing others to relinquish their power, the narcissist derives immense pleasure in securing a ‘superior’ position. It’s ironic that, in this cycle of abuse, it is the Empath (or the abused) who are the powerful ones. Remember this the next time you are facing the abusive cycle. The only win if/when You decide to edit, censor, or otherwise silence a part of you Self. You choose, not them.

How to Spot a Narcissist?

Did you know? Narcissists are masters in acting and are constantly living in a fantasy realm. They are naturally well-versed at doing or saying the most hurtful things but done in an imperceptible manner. Think you or someone you know might suffer from NPD? There are confidential evaluations!

In short, you likely already know. You’ve known the entire time and have chosen to distrust your intuition (gut feeling) and/or your analytical, logical Mind. If you find yourself confused or repeatedly questioning the ‘goodness’ of their actions (“they must know what they’re doing, right?”; “Don’t they care how much I’m hurting?”; “What did I do wrong?”), chances are highly likely that you are cycling through these abusive behaviors. Remember: Narcissists choose to prey on the Powerful, the Intelligent, the Empathic people.

If you are currently experiencing the ill-effects of Narcissistic abuse, hold on to the truth that you are the individual with strength, with integrity, with True Love. It is not necessary or required for you to continuously extend your grace, forgiveness, and compassion to someone who squanders it.

Traits of Narcissism

Let’s dissect the traits of a Narcissist. The following criteria are the tell-tale signs in which we may identify who is Narcissistic (while this information is taken from the APA and DSM-5, a diagnosis may only be determined through professional, clinical observation). There are nine different tells, and in order to be diagnosed with NPD, and individual must display at least 5 of the 9. Note: it is possible that someone (even You!) may embody some of these traits; again, it is when an individual clearly displays consistent, long-term behavior patterns that we begin to consider the possibility of NPD.

Core DSM-5 Criteria

According to the DSM-5, NPD is characterized by a persistent pattern of behavior beginning in early adulthood and present across various contexts. Diagnosis requires that at least five of the following nine criteria are met:
  1. Grandiose sense of self-importance – Exaggerates achievements and talents, expecting recognition as superior without commensurate accomplishments.
  2. Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.
  3. Belief in being “special” or unique – Feels they can only be understood by, or should associate with, other high-status individuals or institutions.
  4. Need for excessive admiration – Seeks constant praise and validation from others.
  5. Sense of entitlement – Holds unreasonable expectations of favorable treatment or automatic compliance with their expectations.
  6. Interpersonally exploitive – Takes advantage of others to achieve personal goals.
  7. Lack of empathy – Unwilling or unable to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.
  8. Envy – Often envious of others or believes others are envious of them.
  9. Arrogant behaviors and attitudes – Displays condescending or superior demeanor in interactions with others.

Traits of Signs of Narcissistic Abuse in a Relationship

Love-bombing → devaluation → discard

Intense idealisation at the start, followed by sudden criticism and withdrawal.

Gaslighting

The abuser repeatedly denies or twists facts to make the victim doubt their memory, perception or sanity.

Emotional manipulation & control

Frequent blaming, guilt-tripping, emotional blackmail, or rules about who the victim can see or speak to.

Isolation

Cutting the victim off from friends/family or undermining their support network.

Blame-shifting

Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender — the abuser portrays themselves as the real victim.

Financial or sexual coercion and boundary violations.

Hoovering

Repeated attempts to pull the victim back with apologies, promises, or threats after a separation.
Did you know?
To be diagnosed with NPD, a person must exhibit at least five of the nine specific traits outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Effects of Narcissistic Abuse

Currently, there are no formal evaluations or screenings to determine whether someone is trapped or affected by NA. Instead, professionals utilize a variety of trauma-based assessments (the presence of PTSD, anxiety/depression, dissociation, etc.). We endeavor to create a world where support is widely and readily available for the victims of the NA cycles, via education, raising awareness, and naming/speaking to these harmful behaviors.

While there is no official way to determine if Someone is victimized by this abusive cycle, here are a few key factors that detail what One might be experiencing if being preyed upon by a Narcissist.

Emotional and Psychological Harm

When another person constantly condescends or talks down to you, criticizes your ideas and decisions, or uses emotional manipulation/exploitation, their aim is to get you to feel terribly about yourself; to submit; to doubt or disbelieve the Self. Through these methods of exploitation, harsh criticisms, belittling insults, or words of invalidation, the targeted person is being groomed (or systematically trained) to give up their autonomy, their trust, and their Value.

Behavioral and Health Consequences

When someone has been enduring such convoluted abuse, they often begin to experience physical maladies. Sleep disturbance, somatic complaints, substance misuse or other harmful coping mechanisms, and reduced ability to work or parent effectively are but a few examples.

Cognitive Effects

The deeper side of the psychological damage presents in cyclic, negative, self-damaging thought patterns or beliefs. Over prolonged exposure, individuals can lose their sense of self, losing their ability to execute even the smallest of tasks. Pervasive self‑doubt (I can’t; I shouldn’t; I’m not good at that); confusion (maybe, i don’t think so; I’m not sure; where was that again?; I’m probably just forgetting, but…), memory problems, and “gaslighting”‑related uncertainty about one’s perceptions and decisions.

Increased Risk of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

According to the CDC, Intimate Partner Violence is “a significant public health issue that has a profound impact on lifelong health and well-being.” This is a deeper, darker shade of the abusive cycle often including physical and sexual violence, psychological aggression/intimidation, and even stalking.

Interpersonal/Social Damage

Especially in situations involving to covert/malignant Narcissist, manipulative isolation is a often used with gaslighting in order to ‘prove’ to their victim that they(the targeted) are alone, that no one cares, that they are a failure. Isolation from friends/family, erosion of trust, difficulty forming new relationships, and trauma bonding that keeps victims attached to the abuser

Once the damage becomes long term and certainly if/after the Person breaks free of the abusive cycle, those targeted commonly report chronic anxiety, depression, shame, low self‑worth, and symptoms consistent with complex PTSD (intrusive memories, hypervigilance, emotional numbing). For Some, these are life-long effects. For some, this is a death sentence (please don’t make this your reality, help is HERE). And for Others, long term therapy can be wildly effective.